Calculating-machine



W. W, HOPKINS.

CALCULATING MACHIHE.

APPLICATION FILED oc. 5, 1907.

Pat-ema Feb. s, 1921.

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CALCULAG MACHINE.

Amine/umn FILED ocr. 5. 1901.

Patented Feb. 8,1921.

SHEES-SHEET 4.

W. W. HOPKINS.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLxcATIoN FILED 0cT.5,1907.

1,367,877., Patented Feb. 8,1921.

7 SHEETS-SHEET '6.

PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM W. HOPKINS, 0l? ST. LOUIS, MISSOUBE, ASSIGNOR TO MOON-HOPKINS BILLNG MACHNE COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF MISSOURI.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

1,367,877. Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

Application led October 5, 1907. Serial No. 396,032.

fo all w/zom it may concern.'

.Be it known that l, WILLIAM W. HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Calculating- Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and eXact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming part ot this specification, in which- Figure l is vertical longitudinal view through the entire machine;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view showg the keys and key connections of the addin g` department of 'the machine;

' Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through my improved machine;

' ffig'. 4i is top plan view of a portion Fig'. 5 showing the parts in their carrying position;

Fig. (i is a similar view showing the parts in a diilerent position;

Fig. 6a is a detail view showing the means for operating` the rear totalizer carrier bars;

Figi. 6b is a 'iront elevational view of the cam plates and their coperating bars;

Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the racks and their associate carrying,` mechanism;

Figi. 8 is a detail view or a portion of the carryingr mechanism; f

Fig. 9 is a detail View of one oit the register indicator wheels;

y Fig. i() is a detail View of the escapement mechanism which controls the position of the Atotalizers;

Fig. l is a detail view showing the means for releasing,i the engaeedtotalizers; and

12 is a detail view of one of the loclrins: bars which cooperate with the totalizers.

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in calculating machines of that type ywhereinV a number oi' totalizers are mounted in a cylinder, one oi' said totalizers only being' adapted to be operated by the actuating devices at a time when the other totalizers are revolved out of operative position. T here is another totalizer separate and distinct from those carried by the reel or cylinder, and this other totalizer is operable independently oi the plurality of revolving totalizers so that in the operation of the ma- 'S a detail side elevational View chine this independent totalizer may be used in additive operations as a totalizer primary in character, or said independent totalizer may be used as a product totalizer in conjunction with the multiplying devices of the machine. By providinga calculating machine with groups of totalizers operating as separate entities, to wit, the revolving totalizers mounted on the reel or cylinder, and also providing the calculating machine with an independent totalizer, it is possible to add separate columns of figures in the independent totalizer and in each of the groups of revoluble totalizers, so that tootings may be printedat the bottom of the diilerent columns. It is also possible to add separate columns ot igures in the revoluble totalizers, and at the time ot printing the totals of the separate columns to introduce said totals into the independent totalizer to obtain a grand total of all the columns. lt is also possible to perform operations ot' lineal addition., printing the total of the series oi1 alined figures at the end ot the line, and then adding: all of the separate totalizers together print the Lgrand total thereof.

The machine is also capable oi performing' the operation ot' vertical column addition at the same time that it performs the operation of cross-line or lineal addition so that cross-line totals may be printed at the end oiE the line and the column totals at the toot of the column, the prand total being;V printed so as to prove the correctness of both systems ot addition.

There are many other arithmetical computations that can be performed on the machine shown in the accompanying; drawings, but l deem it unnecessary to explain these fully here because they are specifically referred to in an application tiled by Hubert Hopkins April 9, i906, Serial No. 310,739. My present invention is an improvement upon the machine shown in the said Hubert Hoplrinss application, and may be said briefly to consist principally in the revoluble totalizers and the carrying mechanism cooperating therewith. l shall not, therefore, enter into a detail description of the various parts ot the machine disclosed in said. Huhert lloplrinss application except to show the relation ot such parts to my present improvement. l In the calculating machine shown in the ete prodfoim a coni.-

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L' cai'- LJowei s racks er digit Ch, a tiaveli e1' which, when 'the i p pin '.1

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arrested te sto ers 1021 ooY iojections l@ and id gifste ion im; i hav lo i Wings the operation of tht pi' opg (S2 i by sa ie i'olat into eiigagenien til ma? position, the itam i to the re 'essiiig see iig. 2) Whi ter 't i ns ive

estoii s ookin ting mechanism 01 the mise the st l'iagje 5T ed, in raised in front o mok b foiw o the opel accompanyii 7 l1 8l 1S opel aoks are in d oy Q group A ars 100,

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di'h'orent p0 of the tot ieol thrown when the after which the 1' the rocking leveis connections with tho if racks to their no1 doing1 introduce ing are oonneftod to spi pull them forward.

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n tho Tool. the D one of i tito-.in (marked T oel '7 if nf y i'otiit y th :il of t duct dssiie moun ie j f 1 Vv* ofniet; by seti. through tho? messing the oA ...n

iiitip' rv: Lh i115); t e digits .iusof tion Wh Vergel ried h the tot A pio who@ and lj.' ampie into Whoeis 4Q be2-pressed ec'-.y into the W To 0bV on tho pressed a operated. Humber dem' d the .wv-ess' Th @t up o powef' shaft must bo fovA the Zoro Chiro The m of the to thiou niii G5 which are ntroduo c tous :in

`its hon-1e position,y at which time ashoulder y116 engages the pin .111 and forces the tappet the depression of the bar 113 without inter Y terenceffrom the plate 109, as for insta-nce, in

the takingof a total. y

r-rtter an example has been set up inthe machine theV forward movement ot' the operating handle will cause the stop pins 93 to be positioned, whichv stop pins control the forward movement of the rack bars. The rack bars move forwardly under the mpellingiaction oilthesprings 103 until arrested by thepins 93. Then the cam plate 109 causes one of the 'forward totali/sers to be engaged with the rack bars and when the handle is moved rearwardly the bar 10ft restores the rack bars and actuates the totaliZer Wheels, .introducingthe item thereinto.

As the handle approaches the final limit of its rearwardl movement the shoulder 116 engages the pin 111, permitting the spring 114i to lift the totalizer trame 122 and raise said totalizer Wheels out of engagement with the rack bars.`

To lock the totalizer Wheels against accidental displacement -When not in engagementvvith the racks, l mount balls 121` in theuhead plates 120 (see 11 and 12) the cross bars of which hails arepheldfin engagement with their respective totaliseV Wheels by means of springs 12L1f. For simplicity of construction each bail is mounted on the shaft ot atotalizer and cooperates with the gear Wheels of an adjacent totalizer.y The ends ofthe crossbars of the bails pass througfhfslots in thehead plates 120 and cooperate with lifting bars mounted on the side inelosingplates of the machine. The lifting bars 125 beingv stationarily mounted` and appropriately shaped so as to engagepnly theprojecling ends of the cross pars cooperating with the loivermost totalizer yWheels1 will, when the trame 122 is depressed, lift the bail in engagement Withwsaid lowermost idler `at the time that said Wheels are beingy moved to mesh with their actuating' racks. j A

To revolve the totalizers and bring them successively intomesh with their actuating; racks l arrange a spring drum 126 on the end ot shaft 121? which spring drinn tends at all times to rotate the shaft 121 in one direction. To rotate shaft 121 in the op- 'positedirection l arrange a cable 127 on said yspring drum, said cable passing over an idle sheav'e 128 andl being connected to va bar 129 having escapement teeth 130 (see Figs. 37 4 and 10). 131 is a pivoted rocking; plate which cooperates with the eseapement teeth 130 and this plate 131 is vib atedby tappets 132 mounted on the frame of the laterally movable paper carriage. These tappets are preferably mounted on adjustable blocks so that they may cooperate with the plate 131 in dierent positions of the paper carriage. It it is desired to print separate columns on a sheet of paper and separatelyk add the items of the diiierent columns it is obvious that when the laterally movable paper carriage is positioned for the respective columns that the plate 131 will be vibrated, which vibration permits the spring in drum 126 to revolve the totalizers and present the appropriate totalizer'in operative relation tothe actuating racks for each separate column. The escapement bar 129 is provided with a shoulder or projec tion 12911, which cooperates with the fixed stop 129b on the vpaper carriage whereby Whenever the paper carriage is moved from .left to right the totalizersware revolved to their normal or starting positions. ln Fig. 11 the totalizers have been marked 1, 27 3 and 4 and if We assume that the machine is normal when totalizer 1 is in operative relation to the racks itis obvious that alter the paper carriage is moved toward the lett so that numbers may be printed in the second column, that the first tappet 132 will operate the escapement mechanism and bringtotalizer number 2 in operative relation to the racks. r1`he steps in the partial revolutions of the totalizers continue until totalizer number 11 is brought in position to register the number recorded in the tour-th column. lJihen the carriage is restored to its normal position at the right the totalizers will be revolved so as to bring totalizer number 1in operative position tothe actuating racks.

The numbers printed in the four columns in horizontal alinement can be added tegether in the reartotalizer so as to enable the operator to print a line total at the end of each horizontal line. rlfhe'rear totalizer would, ofcourse, stand clear atte.' printing the total as a resultof this lineal addition.

After the 'four columns of numbers have been printed the separate totals of the columns may be printed as footinejs thereof, the T key being depressed for this purpose. It' it is desired to obtain a grand total, the sum of the four totals, the D hey is depressed in conjunction With the T key which registers thefonr separate totals as item. in the rear totalizer. T he rear totalizer can then be made to yield its grand total by pressing the P key and this grand total must agree with the sum of all ot the totals resulting from the lineal additions. lf it is desired to obtain a grand total of the lineal additions one of the forward totaliz ers can be used for this purpose to regiser the lineal totals as they are printed the rear totalizer to clear the rear total for a new line. This latter operation will, of course, reduce the capacity of the machine one column and the operator will be enabled to print only three separate columns, the fourth forward totalizer being usec to accumulate the lineal totals.

By referring to Figs. 4 and 10 it will be seen that one of the head plates for the revolving totalizers is provided with numbers which come opposite an opening o through which they may be seen, thus indicating which totalizer is in operative relation to the actuating racks.

Conjoined to the wheels 119 are numbered rims 119a (see i j. 9), which rims are `visible through a sight openingo (see l? ig. 10), so that there is a. visual indication of the number registered in each totalizer as the totalizers are revolved and presented op-V posite this sight opening. i

Each of the wheels 119 is provided with a tripping projection 140, which tripping projection is used in connection with the carrying mechanism.

Referring to Fig. 8 it will be seen that the tripping projection 140 cooperates with a tripping pawl 141 mounted on a shaft 142j and having a stepped portion 143and an inclined cam face 144. The stepped portion 143 cooperates with a pin 14o carried by a depending tappet 146 mounted on a rod 147. The normal position of this tappetlis shown in Fig. 6 but whenever the tripping pawl' 141 is operated the pin 14o permits the tappet 146 to move to an abnormal position7 shown in Fig. 5. 1

The rack 100 is provided with a movable section 101 which movable section cooperates with the forward totalizers. Normally these racks occupy a position one tooth to the rear of their abnormal or carrying position, Springs 10Q tend to move the racks 101 the distance of one tooth. but the racks are restrained from movement by means of a dog 148, pivotally mounted on the raclr100 to the rear thereof. This dog 148 is provided with a pin 149 which cooperates with the cam face 144 and the tripping pawl. The operation of the carrying mechanism is as follows:

kThe racks in order to actuate the register wheels in introducing items therein must be in other than ahome position; thus. no matter whether a rack is moved to its first or to its ninth position from home, the pin 149 would be moved out of engagement with its cooperating cam face 144. The dog 148 holds the movable rack 101 against the tension of the spring 102 one tooth behind with respect to the advancingY movement of the register wheel. 1f the tripping pawl 141 should now be operated, the tappet 143 would be released andpermitted to move forward so that the tripping pawl would be held in its tripped position. lVhcn the restoring bar 104 moves rearwardly to intro duce the item into the register wheels, one or more of the tripping pawls 141 may be operated, and then as the pins 149 come in ene gagement with the cam faces 144 moved up wardly into their paths, the restraining dogs 148 will be lifted so as to release the racks 101 and permit their rearward movement one tooth, which movement is an advancing movement with respect to the register wheel in mesh with the released rack 101. It is of course obvious that the tripping projection 140 is on the left hand side of the register wheel. as shown in Fig. 9, and trips the pawl 141 indentioed with the individual carrying mechanism of the next adjacent rack of higher order, so that wienever a register wheel registers more than nine one will be carried to the next adjacent register wheel at the left.

To restore the movable racks 101 to normal position l provide a comb plate 150 which cooperates with pins 151 on said movable racks 101 and whenever the handle starts forwardly this comb plate is vibratcd from the cam plate 109 so as to reset all of ythe tripping pawls 141. This resetting operation consists in moving the raclrs 101 forwardly until the forward ends of the restraining dogs drop in position in their respective positions behind racks 101. The pawls 141 are reset when the racks 101 are tripped. The jumping forward of the tappet 146 places them in the paths of the movable racks 101 so that when said movable racks are released tappets 140 and their pins 14o are moved rearwardly, so that the pins 14o occupy their normal position in the higher step at the rear end of the tripping pawl 141, permitting the forward end of the tripping p'awl to rise. and the rear end to be depressed, moving the cam 'face 144 out of engagement with the pin 149, releasing the restraining dog so that it may drop into operative position when the restoring comb 150 operates to'rcstore the abnormal racks 101.

rl`he carrying mechanism for the register wheels 268 is similar in operation to the carrying mechanism shown in application serially numbered 310,789 referred to. with the following difference :ln lieu of a permanent rack segment. the carrying teeth which engage the register wheels are arranged on a horizontally movable bar 129C, which is restrained from movement by a pawl 124". This pawi is controlled by a pendant 121 operated by tripping projections (not shown) on the register wheels 268. Thenever one of the pendants 121a is operated torelcase 'the pawl 124, the bar 19.9 umps forwardly to a position where the pawls 124b will not levers and normally out of engagement with said totalizers, for actuating one of said totalizers, said racks having permanently fixed relation to said levers, and a series of movable racks under the control of said levers and having a movement independent of the latter and equal to the value of one tooth, for actuating the other of said totalizers.

10. In a calculating machine, two sets of totalizers, and actuating devices therefor and normally out of engagement therewith, said actuating devices having integral teeth at one end for cooperating with one set of totalizers, and movable teeth at its opposite end for coperating with the other set of totalizers.

l1. In a calculating machine, a totalizer Whose Wheels are provided with tripping projections, actuating racks normally out of engagement with said totalizer and having movement of one tooth independent of the means for driving them, driving means for said racks, tripping pawls actuated by the tripping projections of the adding Wheels, pawls for holding said movable racks in normal position, and means operated by said tripping pawls for lifting said last mentioned pawls and permitting the racks to move to an abnormal position.

l2. In a calculating machine, a totalizer whose wheels are provided with tripping projections, actuating racks normally out of engagement with said totalizer, driving meai s for said racks, said racks having a movement equal to the value of one tooth independent of said driving means, pawls for holding said racks in normal position against the impelling action of springs, tripping pawls actuated by the tripping projections of the totalizer wheels, means for holding said tripping paWls in an abnormal position after they are tripped whereby said tripping pawls will trip the restraining pawls, and means for restoring the parts to normal position.

13. In a calculating machine, a totalizer Whose Wheels are provided with tripping projections, actuating racks, driving means for said racks, said racks having a movement equal to the value of one tooth independent of said driving means, springs for holding said racks, restraining paw s for preventing the movement of said racks, tripping pawls operated by the tripping projection of the totalizer Wheels, means for holding said tripping pawls in abnormal position whereby when said racks are restored a part of the tripping pawl Will lie in the path of the restraining paWls so as to release the rack at the final movement thereof and drive the totalizer Wheels in mesh therewith before said totalizer Wheel is disengaged therefrom, the movement of the reieasod rack restoring the tripping pawl to normal position, and means for restoring the released racks to normal position after the totalizer Wheels have been disengaged therefrom.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in the presence of two Witnesses, this 27th day of September, 1907.

IVILLIAM IV. HOPKINS. lVitnesses:

Gnonen BAKEWELL, LnNonn WILSON. 

